Keys

Action/Result

Ctrl + C

Copies what you have selected

Ctrl + V

Pastes what you’ve copied

Ctrl + X

Cuts what you have selected (like copy but removes original.

Ctrl + A

Selects all (everything) in current document

Shift+F10

Brings up same menu you get with right-click

Shift while inserting CD-ROM 

Bypass autoplay

F2 on selected item

Rename

WindowsKey+D

Go to Desktop

Ctrl-Esc, Alt+M or WindowsKey+M;
WindowsKey+Shift+M

Minimize all windows;
Restore all windows

Alt+Esc (continue pressing Esc)

Shifts keyboard focus to next open application

Ctrl+Esc; WindowsKey

Start menu

Ctrl+Alt+Del

Close Program dialog (with access to kill tasks or shutdown)

WindowsKey+Break, Alt+double click

System Properties

Shift+Del

Delete bypassing Recycle Bin

WindowsKey+E

Explorer

Print Screen

Copies entire desktop to clipboard (can paste into a paint program)

Alt+Print Screen

Copies active window to clipboard (see above)

WindowsKey+R

Run dialog box

Windows Explorer

Right arrow/left arrow

Open branch/close branch

Numeric key pad asterisk/numeric key pad minus

Opens all branches below current selection/closes everything under current selection

Any printing character

Moves to next item in tree that starts with that character

Backspace

Move to parent folder

F3 or WindowsKey+F

Brings up Find (works everywhere, but also in Explorer where it fills in the current folder as the search path.)

F4

move to Address drop down list

F5

Refresh (file listing, for instance after you created a new file while the folder was open)

Alt+Enter

Properties for files or folders